![]() helicobacter pylori, stricture) – which usually involves h. It is important in patients with persistent symptoms to investigate for an underlying cause (e.g. Treatment typically consists of lifestyle advice, ant-acids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). ![]() In some cases, the normal squamous epithelium may be replaced by a columnar epithelium, similar to that found in the stomach. The oesophagus may become inflamed, reddened and ulcerated, although the level of tissue damage is not related to the severity of symptoms. ![]() There is also often decreased gastric emptying. Certain foods make the sphincter less likely to contract. The presence of a hiatus hernia increases the risk, but not everyone with a hiatus hernia gets GORD.There will usually be a problem with the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) whereby it doesn’t contract normally. In GORD acidic stomach contents will spill out of the stomach and back up the oesophagus. It is only when pathological changes have occurred that allow gastric contents to be in prolonged contact with the oesophagus that we would call it GORD. Acid reflux will cause peristaltic contraction of the oesophagus and alkaline saliva secretion, and normally this will cause the symptoms to go away. Occasional feelings of ‘heartburn’ (dyspepsia) are normal. In the acute presentation it may be difficult to differentiate GORD from the symptoms of MI and other symptoms of acute chest pain. Gastro-intestinal reflux disease (GORD) is a condition characterised by retrosternal, and sometimes epigastric pain, as a result of reflux of the acidic contents of the stomach into the oesophagus.
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